Abstract

The below article has as its purpose presentation to a Polish reader of the criticism of christology of American Protestant fundamentalist circles by a bishop of the Episcopal Church in the USA and a Protestant theologian John Shelby Spong (born in 1931) and then explanation of his own understanding of christology. Protestant fundamentalists in the USA share five core beliefs, considering them as basic and irrefutable Christian dogmas: (1) the inerrancy of the Bible, (2) the virgin birth and divinity of Jesus Christ, (3) the substitutionary atonement of Christ on the cross, (4) the bodily resurrection of Jesus Christ and (5) His return and the Last Judgment. In his works published between 1973 and 2007, John Shelby Spong refutes those beliefs, using theological (biblical) and philosophical (reason) arguments and the method of Haggadic midrash used to interpret the four Gospels.